Windows users are used to being able to create shortcuts to have fast access to their files and folders easily. This is especially useful when these are buried deep in their filesystem. This feature isn't as obvious on most Linux systems as it is on Windows. In this guide, I'll show you how to create ... Read more
Though Cinnamon comes with a settings tool you can not yet customize it to the fullest. This is because it still is under heavy development and it is even not yet recommended to create super-creative themes, since it is likely that functions will be altered or added in the near future. Nevertheless, I have searched ... Read more
Resetting your system's root password may be a necessary step if you have forgotten it or have bought a used computer that you don't want to set up a new one. Doing so without any installation medium saves you a blank CD and a bit of time. To start, restart your computer and get to ... Read more
Grub's default boot option is stored within a config file found on the partition where your Master Boot Record is located (if you had it installed previously, there may also be grub.cfg files on other partitions, but these won't affect boot sequence). Its direct path is /boot/grub/grub.cfg and it has to be opened as root, ... Read more
This tutorial shows you step-by-step how to add a user to a group on Linux, with several examples using the Linux command line. It also explains how to add users and groups on Linux. The commands should work on any Linux distribution and have been tested on CentOS, Debian, and Ubuntu. Add a new Linux ... Read more
The shell setting in /etc/passwd determines whether a Linux system user may log in via the shell or over SSH. If you don't want a certain user to be able to log in, set the shell to /bin/false or /sbin/nologin. For the user "otheruser" on Debian and Ubuntu Linux, here's an example: usermod -s /bin/false ... Read more
There is no simple 'tolower' command on the bash, but you can convert uppercase characters to lowercase with a little shell script. The script uses the tr command internally for converting the chars. Create a shell script with the name 'tolower' that converts all text that is given as a command-line argument to lower case: ... Read more
To turn on verbose logging (e.g. to debug FTP connection or authentication problems) in pure-ftpd FTP server on Debian and Ubuntu Linux. Enable debug log in pure-ftpd Execute the following command as root user in the shell to enable verbose logging: echo 'yes' > /etc/pure-ftpd/conf/VerboseLog and then restart pure-ftpd, for init based systems: service pure-ftpd-mysql ... Read more
One way to create a backup of a MySQL database on the shell is to use the mysqldump command. Mysqldump creates a dump of the database in form of sql commands, which can be easily restored using the mysql command or PHPMyAdmin. Backup a MySQL Database mysqldump -u root -p mydatabase > /tmp/backup_mydatabase.sql This command ... Read more
Debian 10 has now fully switched to Systemd which means that the traditional commands to halt or reboot a system like 'shutdown -h now' or 'reboot' will not work anymore. First of all, run the command as root user. Prepend the sudo command to become root user if needed. Here are their systemd equivalents which ... Read more