The bash history is a log file that contains all commands that a user executed on the Linux BASH shell. When you use the "arrow up" key on your keyboard, then Bash will look up the previous command from that file and display it on the screen. You just have to press "Enter" to execute ... Read more
To restart a CentOS system, you can use both the command line (shell) and the desktop environment (GUI). Using the Command Line (Shell) to restart CentOS Open a terminal: You can open a terminal in CentOS by pressing `Ctrl+Alt+T` or by searching for "Terminal" in the application menu. Alternatively, connect to the system using SSH ... Read more
The following article describes the steps that need to be taken to debug ISPConfig 3 server scripts. This procedure applies to all ISPConfig 3 versions incl. ISPConfig 3.1 and ISPConfig 3.2. Enable the debug Loglevel in ISPConfig Login to the ISPConfig interface and set the log level to Debug under System > System > Server ... Read more
Linux user quotas can be edited with the commands edquota or setquota on the shell. While edquota opens the quota settings in an editor like vim, setquota allows you to specify the quota settings on the command line. Example for disabling the quota for the user "testuser": setquota -u testuser 0 0 0 0 -a ... Read more
If you have used VirtualBox, You might have noticed that display, performance, and communication between host and guest operating system leave a lot to be desired. VirtualBox Guest Additions is a piece of software that enables you to use the guest operating system in its true form and it also lets you communicate with the ... Read more
OpenVZ is a Linux-based Kernel virtualization technology developed by SWSoft for its commercial product Virtuozzo. The modified Linux Kernel and the system utilities are released under an OpenSource license. Vzdump is a shell-based backup program for OpenVZ virtual machines. It is made for containers that use the traditional "simfs" filesystem, it can not be used ... Read more
If you have a directory with many files (a few thousand in my case) and need to know which one is the newest, then the following command might be useful. It returns the name and details of the newest file in a directory where it is executed: ls -tl | sed -n 2p
Running a nightly backup script on a server system, such as a web hosting server, can result in a heavy load and longer latency for other processes, for example, HTML or .php pages load slowly during the backup because the backup script requires too many I/O or CPU resources. On Linux systems, two shell utilities ... Read more
When you get the error message "system-config-firewall: command not found" on your CentOS Server while trying to configure the firewall on the shell, then the text interface version of the firewall configuration utility is missing. Install CentOS Firewall configuration tool Install it with this command: yum install system-config-firewall-tui
Jailkit is an easy-to-use tool to create and maintain jail environments for shell users on Linux. In this guide, I will show you how to move PHP and its dependencies into the jail so that the jailed user can execute PHP scripts inside the jail on an ISPConfig server. Edit the jailkit .ini file and ... Read more