Archive for the ‘Debian’ Category
How to solve the PHP XCache error: /dev/zero: No space left on device
If you get the error “/dev/zero: No space left on device” in the apache error.log on a OpenVZ virtual machine, then the shared memory size in the xcache.ini is too high or the xcache.mm_path is set wrong.
Edit the file /etc/php5/conf.d/xcache.ini
vi /etc/php5/conf.d/xcache.ini
and check the mm_path. On a OpenVZ virtual machine it should be set to “/tmp/xcache” as /dev/zero might not work correctly in a virtual machine:
xcache.mmap_path = "/tmp/xcache"
Then restart apache2:
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
and check if the error has been resolved.
If the roor still occurs after some time, you will have to reduce the xcache.size.
Edite the xcache.ini file:
vi /etc/php5/conf.d/xcache.ini
and set xcache.size to e.g. 8 MB
xcache.size = 8M
Then restart apache2:
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
How to disable spamfilter- and antivirus functions in ISPConfig 3
If you use a mailserver wil very low ram (< 500 MB) and a slow CPU then it might be nescessary to disable the spam- and antivirus filter functions in ISPConfig 3 as amavisd and clamav might be too heavy for your server hardware. The steps to disable clamav and amavisd are:
Edit postfix main.cf file
vi /etc/postfix/main.cf
and comment out these lines by adding a “#” in front of them:
# content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 # receive_override_options = no_address_mappings
Then restart postfix:
/etc/init.d/postfix restart
Now stop and disable the services. The following commands are for Debian and Ubuntu, the commands for other Linux distributions may vary
/etc/init.d/clamav-daemon stop /etc/init.d/clamav-freshclam stop /etc/init.d/amavis stop
update-rc.d -f clamav-daemon remove update-rc.d -f clamav-freshclam remove update-rc.d -f amavis remove
P The normal mail receive and send functions will still work after this modification. But please be aware that disabling amavisd and clamav will disable all spam- and antivirus filtering so that the spamfiltering options that can be configured in the ispconfig interface will have any effect on mail delivery and no spam and viruses will get filtered.
The changes in postfix main.cf will get overwitten by a ispconfig software update when you select to reconfigure services during upadte, so you should comment out the lines again after you install a ispconfig update.
How to build a pure-ftpd Debian package for OpenVZ virtual machines (without capabilities enabled)
The pure-ftpd package that comes with Debian 5.0 (Lenny) does not start in a OpenVZ virtual machine as it is compiled with “capabilities”. This tutorial describes the steps to build a pure-ftpd Debian package with capabilities disabled:
Make a temporary directory
mkdir /usr/src/pure-ftpd cd /usr/src/pure-ftpd
Download the source package for pure-ftpd
apt-get source pure-ftpd apt-get build-dep pure-ftpd
Edit the rules file and add the switch “–without-capabilities”
cd pure-ftpd-1.0.21/debian nano rules
Change the line:
optflags=--with-everything --with-largefile --with-pam --with-privsep --with-tls
to (one Line!):
optflags=--with-everything --with-largefile --with-pam --with-privsep --with-tls --without-capabilities
Build the Debian (.deb) package
cd .. dpkg-buildpackage -uc -b
and install it
cd .. dpkg -i pure-ftpd-common_1.0.21-11.4_all.deb pure-ftpd-mysql_1.0.21-11.4_i386.deb /etc/init.d/pure-ftpd-mysql restart
To prevent that apt overwrites these manually compiled packages with the default packages from the Debian repositorys, execute these commands:
echo 'pure-ftpd-common hold' | dpkg --set-selections echo 'pure-ftpd-mysql hold' | dpkg --set-selections
This tutorial is based on the german tutorial from planet_fox
How to update Spamassassin on ISPConfig 2
The spamassassin installation on a ISPConfig 2 server is normally updated together with ISPConfig. Here are the steps iIf you want to update spamassassin manually without updating ISPConfig 2:
Download the latest Spamassassin sources and unpack the tar.gz file
cd /tmp wget http://ftp.fernuni-hagen.de/ftp-dir/pub/mirrors/\ www.apache.org/spamassassin/source/Mail-SpamAssassin-3.3.1.tar.gz tar xfz Mail-SpamAssassin-3.3.1.tar.gz
Configure, make and install spamassassin
cd Mail-SpamAssassin-3.3.1 perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/home/admispconfig/ispconfig/tools/\ spamassassin/usr SYSCONFDIR=/home/admispconfig/ispconfig/\ tools/spamassassin/etc make make install
Cleanup
cd .. rm -f Mail-SpamAssassin-3.3.1.tar.gz rm -rf Mail-SpamAssassin-3.3.1
How to enable port 587 (submission) in postfix
Some internet access providers have port 25 disabled in their routers to prevent spam. If you run your own mailserver in a datacenter, you might have to enable the submission port (587) in postfix to be able to send emails from your local email client to your own mailserver.
To enable port 587, edit the file /etc/postfix/master.cf
vi /etc/postfix/master.cf
and remove the # in front of the line:
#submission inet n - n - - smtpd
so that it looks like this:
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
and restart postfix:
/etc/init.d/postfix restart
NiceToHave tool for monitoring from the command line with Saidar
With Saidar you can display and view all your system statistics.
For an installation in Ubuntu or Debian you can install this with following command:
sudo apt-get install saidar
After having installed it, you can type in the command saidar:
saidar
Now you see in the following screen a complete view of your CPU, processes, load, memory, swap network I/O and disks I/O along with their free space.
The following options are supported:
-d (Wait DELAY seconds between updates (default 3))
-v (Prints the version number)
-h (Display help and exits)
That’s it! Thanks to Planetfox for this tipp.
How to solve the ClamAV error “This version of the ClamAV engine is outdated” on Debian 5.0 (Lenny)
As of today, all ClamAV 0.94 or older installs will stop working. The Debian project has not released updates for their current stable release (5.0) yet to solve this, but there is a workaround. The Debain volatile project provides newer clamav versions. The installation steps to install ClamAV 0.95.3 on Debian lenny are:
1) Add the debian volatile repository to the sources list:
echo "deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile lenny/volatile main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
2) Update the sources and install the new clamav package:
apt-get update apt-get install clamav apt-get -u upgrade
3) If you use amavisd-new (e.g. if you use a ISPConfig 3 server) then restart amavisd:
/etc/init.d/amavis restart
Get a list of all virtual hosts which are defined in all apache configuration files
Have you ever searched where the virtual host of a website is defined in the apache config files? There is a handy option of the apache2ctl script which might help then. When you run the command:
apache2ctl -S
on the shell, you will get a list of all virtual hosts and default servers incl. the line number where it is defined. Example:
~# apache2ctl -S VirtualHost configuration: wildcard NameVirtualHosts and _default_ servers: *:8080 is a NameVirtualHost default server ispconfig.local (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-ispconfig.vhost:10) port 8080 namevhost ispconfig.local (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-ispconfig.vhost:10) *:8081 is a NameVirtualHost default server ispconfig.local (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-apps.vhost:10) port 8081 namevhost ispconfig.local (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-apps.vhost:10) *:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server ispconfig.local (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost ispconfig.local (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost example.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/example.com.vhost:7) Syntax OK
Thanks to Planetfox for this tipp.
How to convert RPM software packages to Debian (.deb)
Maybe you had this problem already: you use Debian or Ubuntu Linux and a software package that you like to install is only available in RPM format. The solution is a handy tool called alien, which converts .rpm files to .deb. Installing alien:
apt-get install alien
Converting a rpm package to debian format:
alien --to-deb /tmp/mysoftwarefile.rpm
Conversions from .deb to rpm are also possible:
alien --to-rpm /tmp/mysoftwarefile.deb
How to Update ISPConfig 3
The ISPConfig update script is a easy way to update a ISPConfig 3 installation. If you want to backup the installation before, take a look at the instructions at the end of the article.
To update ISPConfig 3, login as root user on the shell of your server and run the command:
ispconfig_update.sh
>> Update
Please choose the update method. For production systems select 'stable'. The update from svn is only for development systems and may break your current setup.
Select update method (stable,svn) [stable]:
You should always select “stable” on a production system. The “svn” version is only suitable for ISPConfig 3 development.
The updater will then check the version of your system, download the latest update and starts the update process. In the next step, enter the mysql root password:
This application will update ISPConfig 3 on your server. MySQL root password []:
Then you were asked if the services shall be reconfigured:
Reconfigure Services? (yes,no) [yes]:
You should choose “yes” here, only if you modified your system configuration manually, it might be better to choose no. But in this case, new features in ISPConfig might not work or functions might stop working until you adjusted the config files manually. So its always a good choice to select ‘yes’ here. In the next step, select the ispconfig port:
ISPConfig Port [8080]:
Port 8080 is the default, if you have not changed it, press enter. Otherwise enter the port number and then press enter. As the last step, you wre asked if the crontab shall get reconfigured, you can select yes here by just pressing return.
Reconfigure Crontab? (yes,no) [yes]:
The ISPConfig updater will then update the ispconfig files and restart services, if the configuration has been changed.
Backup before updates
Before you update a software, it is always a good idea to backup all relevant data. This enables you to restore the software version that you had before in case of an error. The steps to create a backup of the ispconfig software and settings are:
Create a backup folder:
mkdir /home/backup chmod 700 /home/backup cd /home/backup
Backup the database
mysqldump -u root -p dbispconfig > dbispconfig.sql
Backup the ISPConfig software
tar pcfz ispconfig_software.tar.gz /usr/local/ispconfig
Backup the configuration files in /etc
tar pcfz etc.tar.gz /etc
This backup does not include the emails and website data.