If you don't have an internet connection on a Windows system, then you can download the Docker file from another (Internet enabled) machine and then copy it to target.
Install Docker without Internet Connection
Afterward, follow these steps:
Execute the following commands to install docker packages:
Install-PackageProvider -Name DockerMsftProvider Import-PackageProvider -Name DockerMsftProvider -Force
List all Docker Packages available to see what versions are available:
Find-Package -Provider DockerMsftProvider -AllVersions
Save latest Docker Package to c:\docker:
Save-Package -Name Docker -Path c:\docker ls c:\docker\*.zip
Now copy the zip file to the target computer and extract the docker.exe and dockerd.exe files to the following path:
c:\windows\system32
Register and start dockerd.exe:
dockerd --register-service Start-Service Docker